Exhibit 2.10 provides the description of fourth grade students’ achievement at the Low International Benchmark. Students demonstrated limited understanding of scientific concepts and limited knowledge of foundational science facts in life science, physical science, and Earth science.

Exhibit 2.10.1 shows an example item from the life science domain. On average, 74 percent of the students were able to recognize that the frog was the animal with a backbone. The top performing students on this item were in Hungary and Latvia with 88–89 percent correct.