Exhibit 2.16 shows differences in average achievement between girls and boys in the three science content domains. The differences in average achievement between girls and boys are very different from content domain to content domain across the TIMSS 2019 countries, with girls having higher achievement in life science than boys in many countries, and boys having higher achievement in physical and Earth science. In the life science content domain, girls had higher average achievement than boys in 26 countries, and boys did not have higher average achievement in any country. In physical science, girls had higher average achievement than boys in 4 countries, and boys had higher average achievement in 13 countries. In Earth science, girls had higher average achievement than boys in 4 countries, and boys had higher average achievement in 16 countries.