Exhibit 1.16 shows the differences in average achievement between boys and girls in the three mathematics content domains. The differences in average achievement between girls and boys in all three content areas largely reflected the overall TIMSS 2019 results, where boys had higher achievement than girls in close to half the countries (27 out of 55). In the number content domain, girls had higher average achievement than boys in 3 countries, and boys had higher average achievement in 25 countries. In measurement and geometry, girls had higher average achievement than boys in 3 countries, and boys had higher average achievement in 26 countries. In data, girls had higher average achievement than boys in 8 countries, and boys had higher average achievement in 11 countries.