Exhibit 3.17 shows countries’ average achievement in the knowing, applying, and reasoning cognitive domains relative to their overall average achievement (from highest to lowest overall average achievement). Interestingly, fewer countries had a relative strength in the knowing and applying cognitive domains than they did in the reasoning domain. More countries had a weakness in the knowing domain than in the applying and reasoning domains. Eight countries had a relative strength in the knowing cognitive domain, and 17 had a relative weakness. Six countries had a relative strength in the applying cognitive domain, and 14 had a relative weakness. Sixteen countries had a relative strength in the reasoning cognitive domain, and 9 had a relative weakness. Kazakhstan was the only country with no relative strengths or weaknesses in the cognitive domains.